ADAPTIVE VIRTUAL SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE PARAMETER TUNING FOR REGFM-B1 GRID-FORMING INVERTERS UNDER CURRENT SATURATION CONSTRAINTS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62985/j.huit_ojs.vol26.no2E.402Từ khóa:
Virtual synchronous machine, grid-forming inverter, REGFM-B1, time-varying Inertia weight, particle swarm optimization, current saturation, weak power systemTóm tắt
The increasing penetration of inverter-based resources has significantly reduced effective system inertia, posing serious challenges to frequency stability in weak power systems. While virtual synchronous machine (VSM) control provides synthetic inertia, conventional fixed-parameter designs suffer from an inherent trade-off between frequency nadir and transient settling speed. Furthermore, many optimization-based tuning methods disregard the non-linear operational limits of power semiconductors, leading to non-smooth search spaces and sub-optimal local equilibria. This paper proposes a hardware-constrained adaptive VSM control framework compliant with the reference explicit grid-forming model B1 (REGFM-B1) standard, in which virtual inertia and damping parameters are optimized using a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm with a time-varying inertia weight (TVIW) strategy. The inertia weight is gradually reduced from 0.9 to 0.4, enabling effective global exploration despite saturation-induced discontinuities while ensuring accurate local convergence. Nonlinear current-limiting constraints are explicitly embedded into the optimization process to guarantee physically realizable solutions. The proposed method is validated through MATLAB simulations on a 10 MVA grid-forming battery energy storage system under ten disturbance scenarios with short-circuit ratios ranging from 1.5 to 3.0. Results show a 98.1% improvement in frequency nadir and a 60.0% reduction in settling time compared with fixed-parameter benchmarks. Moreover, the proposed strategy achieved an average ITAE reduction of 7.52% relative to standard PSO and 6.44% compared to modern adaptive PSO (APSO) variants, while strictly maintaining a 1.2 pu current limit.
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